来自韩国媒体空间的风景——国际实验媒体论坛:韩国报告

我首先要说的是植入(embeddedness)的概念,它最初是经济历史学家卡尔·波兰尼(KarlPolanyi)在其著作《大转型》(The Great Transformation)     

Flextime and Profitability

Despite the well‐documented benefits of flexible work schedules (flextime), generalizable assessments of how flextime influences organizational profitability have proven elusive. Using a unique data set representative of organizations in Canada, we examine the effect of flextime in combination with organizational strategies to predict profitability. Using fixed effects and controlling for prior profitability, we find that flextime increases profitability when implemented within a strategy centered on employees but decreases profitability when implemented within a strategy focused on cost reduction.     

EFFECTS OF HEALTH RISK INFORMATION ON ADDICTIVE GOODS CONSUMPTION: A CASE OF TOBACCO,ALCOHOL, AND BETEL NUTS IN TAIWAN

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between the dissemination of information about the health risks of tobacco, alcohol, and betel nuts and their consumption in Taiwan. To estimate cross‐elasticities, the paper uses the Central Bureau of Statistics demand system model. Empirical results indicate that an increase in the dissemination of information on the health risks of tobacco, alcohol, and betel nuts substantially reduces real consumption. Empirical evidence from the cross‐elasticity of price also confirms that a complementary relationship exists in Taiwan among these three addictive products. (JEL D12, Q11, H26)     

The Union Relative Wage Effect for Academic Librarians

This note investigates the impact of labor unions on the starting salaries of academic librarians. Using data collected from members of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) and employing standard ordinary least squares (OLS) and seemingly unrelated regressions techniques, the union relative wage gap was estimated annually over the 1989–1998 time period. Three important results were found. First, unionized academic librarians received a positive and significant union wage premium throughout most of the decade studied. Second, this wage premium declined in magnitude over time following the trend in the economy as a whole. Lastly, by the end of the sample period, the wage effect had disappeared and was no longer significantly different from zero.     

Environmental Costing: A path to Implementation

Environmental strategies and their related costs have received little formal attention from Australian accountants. Yet, internationally as well as in Australia, green strategies and their related costs are now being recognised by a range of corporations. In this paper, international corporate examples are reviewed. Environmental cost categories and potential classifications and approaches for decision and control purposes are proposed. The paper offers recommendations for the initial development of environmental costing practices at the corporate level and argues for the importance of developing relevant cost management systems that support environmental strategies and management.     

EFFICIENCY GAINS OF SYSTEM GMM AND MDE OVER INDIVIDUAL EQUATION ESTIMATION*

In the econometric literature it is known that, under certain conditions, estimating a system of equations together is more efficient than estimating each equation separately. This finding has been proved, however, only under the assumption of a known parametric form of heteroskedasticity (including homoskedasticity) or non‐random regressors/instruments. This note shows that an analogous finding holds for GMM under heteroskedasticity of unknown form and random regressors/instruments. Specifically, I provide a necessary condition for the efficiency gain of the system GMM over the single‐equation GMM. An analogous necessary condition for the efficiency gain is also shown to hold for minimum‐distance (or χ2) estimation (MDE).     

DO REAL INTEREST RATES REALLY CONTAIN A UNIT ROOT? MORE EVIDENCE FROM A BOOTSTRAP COVARIATE UNIT ROOT TEST

This paper re‐examines the empirical finding that international real interest rates usually have a unit root. This conclusion is put forth in Rapach and Weber (2004 ), using the Ng and Perron (2001 ) tests. We use Rudebusch's (1993 ) approach to construct the small sample distributions of the Ng and Perron tests, and calculate their asymptotic sizes, size‐adjusted powers and rejection rates. These numbers show that the lack of power in the Ng and Perron tests might account for the findings of Rapach and Weber (2004 ): that the unit root null cannot be rejected for most OECD countries. Size distortions are mild in the case of Ng and Perron tests for two series, but are serious for the Phillips and Perron Z‐test on inflation rates. We then apply a powerful covariate augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test to examine the series for which stationarity cannot be determined with the Ng and Perron tests. The bootstrap technique is also used to control possible size distortions. In contrast to the results of Rapach and Weber (2004 ), the bootstrap covariate augmented Dickey–Fuller test yields striking evidence that real interest rates are stationary for 14 of 16 OECD countries, because nominal interest rates are stationary for the 14 countries, while inflation rates are stationary for all countries.